GAG MUTATIONS STRONGLY CONTRIBUTE TO HIV-1 RESISTANCE TO PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN HIGHLY DRUG-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS BESIDES COMPENSATING FOR FITNESS LOSS.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance to protease inhibitors (PI) results from mutations in the viral protease (PR) that reduce PI binding but also decrease viral replicative capacity (RC).Additional mutations compensating for the RC loss subsequently accumulate within PR and in Gag substrate cleavage sites.We examined the respecti

In 2021, a shortage in the supply of the euthanasia drug pentobarbital sodium affected animal care professionals around the world, including in the United States and Canada.Pentobarbital sodium is the drug of choice for companion animal Maca euthanasia in both countries.The decreased availability of pentobarbital sodium affected a number of animal

We present a mathematical model that explains and interprets a novel form of short-term potentiation, which was found to be use-, but not time-dependent, in experiments done on HDMI Video Connecting Cable Lymnaea neurons.The high degree of potentiation is explained using a model of synaptic metaplasticity, while Rugs the use-dependence (which is cr

In this study, a first proteomic approach was carried out to characterize the adaptive response of cell wall-related proteins to endogenous CO2 overpressure, which is typical of second fermentation conditions, in two wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (P29, a conventional second fermentation strain, and G1, a flor yeast strain implicated in sher